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.NET 4.0 Generics: Beginner’s Guide
Год: 2012 Автор: Mukherjee Sudipta Жанр: Программирование Издательство: Packt Publishing ISBN: 978-1-84969-078-2 Язык: Английский Формат: PDF Качество: Изначально компьютерное (eBook) Количество страниц: 396
Описание: Generics were added as part of .NET Framework 2.0 in November 2005. Although similar to generics in Java, .NET generics do not apply type erasure but every object has unique representation at run-time. There is no performance hit from runtime casts and boxing conversions, which are normally expensive..NET offers type-safe versions of every classical data structure and some hybrid ones.
This book will show you everything you need to start writing type-safe applications using generic data structures available in Generics API. You will also see how you can use several collections for each task you perform. This book is full of practical examples, interesting applications, and comparisons between Generics and more traditional approaches. Finally, each container is bench marked on the basis of performance for a given task, so you know which one to use and when.
This book first covers the fundamental concepts such as type safety, Generic Methods, and Generic Containers. As the book progresses, you will learn how to join several generic containers to achieve your goals and query them efficiently using Linq. There are short exercises in every chapter to boost your knowledge.
The book also teaches you some best practices, and several patterns that are commonly available in generic code.
Some important generic algorithm definitions are present in Power Collection (an API created by Wintellect Inc.) that are missing from .NET framework. This book shows you how to use such algorithms seamlessly with other generic containers.
The book also discusses C5 collections. Java Programmers will find themselves at home with this API. This is the closest to JCF. Some very interesting problems are solved using generic containers from .NET framework, C5, and PowerCollection Algorithms – a clone of Google Set and Gender Genie for example!
What you will learn from this book: * How different kinds of generic listsare related * How to implement your own generic list * Query every kind of generic container alike with Linq Standard Query Operators * Augment .NET collections with general purpose algorithms available in C5 and PowerCollection * Build concurrent apps in breathing easy steps. * Find those algorithms you have been missing in .NET framework in PowerCollection and C5 API. * Learn how different generic collections/containers perform under benchmarking, and when to use one over another * Port your STL code blocks to .NET Generics which can be very handy if you are a veteran C++ developer and looking for an alternative in .NET world.
Preface
Chapter 1: Why Generics? An analogy Reason 1: Generics can save you a lot of typing Reason 2: Generics can save you type safety woes, big time What's the problem with this approach? Reason 3: Generics leads to faster code Reason 4: Generics is now ubiquitous in the .NET ecosystem Setting up the environment Summary
Chapter 2: Lists Why bother learning about generic lists? Types of generic lists Checking whether a sequence is a palindrome or not Time for action – creating the generic stack as the buffer Time for action – completing the rest of the method Designing a generic anagram finder Time for action – creating the method Life is full of priorities, let's bring some order there Time for action – creating the data structure for the prioritized shopping list Time for action – let's add some gadgets to the list and see them Time for action – let's strike off the gadgets with top-most priority after we have bought them Time for action – let's create an appointment list Live sorting and statistics for online bidding Time for action – let's create a custom class for live sorting Why did we have three LinkedList<T> as part of the data structure? An attempt to answer questions asked by your boss Time for action – associating products with live sorted bid amounts Time for action – finding common values across different bidding amount lists You will win every scrabble game from now on Time for action – creating the method to find the character histogram of a word Time for action – checking whether a word can be formed Time for action – let's see whether it works Trying to fix an appointment with a doctor? Time for action – creating a set of dates of the doctors' availability Time for action – finding out when both doctors shall be present Revisiting the anagram problem Time for action – re-creating the anagram finder Lists under the hood Summary
Chapter 3: Dictionaries Types of generic associative structures Creating a tag cloud generator using dictionary Time for action – creating the word histogram Creating a bubble wrap popper game Time for action – creating the game console Look how easy it was! How did we decide we need a dictionary and not a list? Let's build a generic autocomplete service Time for action – creating a custom dictionary for autocomplete Time for action – creating a class for autocomplete The most common pitfall. Don't fall there! Let's play some piano Time for action – creating the keys of the piano How are we recording the key strokes? Time for action – switching on recording and playing recorded keystrokes How it works? C# Dictionaries can help detect cancer. Let's see how! Time for action – creating the KNN API Time for action – getting the patient records Time for action – creating the helper class to read a delimited file Time for action – let's see how to use the predictor Tuples are great for many occasions including games Time for action – putting it all together Why have we used Tuples? How did we figure out whether the game is over or not? Summary
Chapter 4: LINQ to Objects What makes LINQ? Extension methods Time for action – creating an Extension method Time for action – consuming our new Extension method Check out these guidelines for when not to use Extension methods Object initializers Collection initializers Implicitly typed local variables Anonymous types Lambda expressions Functors Predicates Actions Putting it all together, LINQ Standard Query Operators Time for action – getting the LINQPad Restriction operators Where() Time for action – finding all names with *am* Time for action – finding all vowels Time for action – finding all running processes matching a Regex Time for action – playing with the indexed version of Where() Time for action – learn how to go about creating a Where() clause Projection operators Select() Time for action – let's say "Hello" to your buddies Making use of the overloaded indexed version of Select() Time for action – radio "Lucky Caller" announcement SelectMany() Time for action – flattening a dictionary Partitioning operators Take() Time for action – leaving the first few elements TakeWhile() Time for action – picking conditionally Skip() Time for action – skipping save looping SkipWhile() Ordering operators Reverse() Time for action – reversing word-by-word Time for action – checking whether a given string is a palindrome or not OrderBy() Time for action – sorting names alphabetically Time for action – sorting 2D points by their co-ordinates OrderByDescending() ThenBy() Time for action – sorting a list of fruits What's the difference between a sequence of OrderBy().OrderBy() and OrderBy().ThenBy()? ThenByDescending() Grouping operator GroupBy() Time for action – indexing an array of strings Time for action – grouping by length Set operators Intersect() Time for action – finding common names from two names' lists Union() Time for action – finding all names from the list, removing duplicates Concat() Time for action – pulling it all together including duplicates Except() Time for action – finding all names that appear mutually exclusively Distinct() Time for action – removing duplicate song IDs from the list Conversion operators ToArray() Time for action – making sure it works! ToList() Time for action – making a list out of IEnumerable<T> ToDictionary() Time for action – tagging names ToLookup() Time for action – one-to-many mapping Element operators First() Time for action – finding the first element that satisfies a condition How First() is different from Single()? FirstOrDefault() Time for action – getting acquainted with FirstOrDefault() Last() LastOrDefault() SequenceEquals() Time for action – checking whether a sequence is palindromic ElementAt() Time for action – understanding ElementAt() ElementAtOrDefault() DefaultIfEmpty() Time for action – check out DefaultIfEmpty() Generation operators Range() Time for action – generating arithmetic progression ranges Time for action – running a filter on a range Repeat() Time for action – let's go round and round with Repeat() Quantifier operators Single() Time for action – checking whether there is only one item matching this pattern SingleOrDefault() Time for action – set to default if there is more than one matching elements Any() Time for action – checking Any() All() Time for action – how to check whether all items match a condition Merging operators Zip() Summary
Chapter 5: Observable Collections Active change/Statistical change Passive change/Non-statistical change Data sensitive change Time for action – creating a simple math question monitor Time for action – creating the collections to hold questions Time for action – attaching the event to monitor the collections Time for action – dealing with the change as it happens Time for action – dealing with the change as it happens Time for action – putting it all together Time for action – creating a Twitter browser Time for action – creating the interface Time for action – creating the TweetViewer user control design Time for action – gluing the TweetViewer control Time for action – putting everything together Time for action – dealing with the change in the list of names in the first tab Time for action – a few things to beware of at the form load Time for action – things to do when names get added or deleted Time for action – sharing the load and creating a task for each BackgroundWorker Time for action – a sample run of the application Summary
Chapter 6: Concurrent Collections Creating and running asynchronous tasks Pattern 1: Creating and starting a new asynchronous task Pattern 2: Creating a task and starting it off a little later Pattern 3: Waiting for all running tasks to complete Pattern 4: Waiting for any particular task Pattern 5: Starting a task with an initial parameter Simulating a survey (which is, of course, simultaneous by nature) Time for action – creating the blocks Devising a data structure for finding the most in-demand item Time for action – creating the concurrent move-to-front list Time for action – simulating a bank queue with multiple tellers Time for action – making our bank queue simulator more useful Be a smart consumer, don't wait till you have it all Exploring data structure mapping Summary
Chapter 7: Power Collections Setting up the environment BinarySearch() Time for action – finding a name from a list of names CartesianProduct() Time for action – generating names of all the 52 playing cards RandomShuffle() Time for action – randomly shuffling the deck NCopiesOf() Time for action – creating random numbers of any given length Time for action – creating a custom random number generator ForEach() Time for action – creating a few random numbers of given any length Rotate() and RotateInPlace() Time for action – rotating a word Time for action – creating a word guessing game RandomSubset() Time for action – picking a set of random elements Reverse() Time for action – reversing any collection EqualCollections() Time for action – revisiting the palindrome problem DisjointSets() Time for action – checking for common stuff Time for action – finding anagrams the easiest way Creating an efficient arbitrary floating point representation Time for action – creating a huge number API Creating an API for customizable default values Time for action – creating a default value API Mapping data structure Algorithm conversion strategy Summary
Chapter 8: C5 Collections Setting up the environment Time for action – cloning Gender Genie! Time for action – revisiting the anagram problem Time for action – Google Sets idea prototype Time for action – finding the most sought-after item Sorting algorithms Pattern 1: Sorting an array of integers Pattern 2: Partially sorting an array—say, sort first five numbers of a long array Pattern 3: Sorting a list of string objects Summary
Chapter 9: Patterns, Practices, and Performance Generic container patterns How these are organized Pattern 1: One-to-one mapping Pattern 2: One-to-many unique value mapping Pattern 3: One-to-many value mapping Pattern 4: Many-to-many mapping A special Tuple<> pattern Time for action – refactoring deeply nested if-else blocks Best practices when using Generics Selecting a generic collection Best practices when creating custom generic collections Performance analysis Lists Dictionaries/associative containers Sets How would we do this investigation? Benchmarking experiment 1 Benchmarking experiment 2 Benchmarking experiment 3 Benchmarking experiment 4 Benchmarking experiment 5 Benchmarking experiment 6 Benchmarking experiment 7 Benchmarking experiment 8 Benchmarking experiment 9 Summary
Appendix A: Performance Cheat Sheet Parameters to consider
Appendix B: Migration Cheat Sheet
Appendix C: Pop Quiz Answers Chapter 2 Lists Chapter 3 Dictionaries Chapter 4 LINQ to Objects
Index
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